SUMMARIES OF SCIENCE TOPICS

SUMMARY 1

Energy resources

There are different energy resources, that use at home, for example;  electricity that comes plant is use enery from burning fuels as coal, oil, and natural gas.

Alternative energy resources:  wind

                                                       Water

                                                       Solar

                                                      geothermal

Other Energy resources is that obtain from a fossil fuel.  In it the heat from burning fossil fuels can used durctly homes, schools, business and factories.

Advantage: Has a lot of energy

Diadvantage:  this energy are not renewable and gives off smoke and gases.

Alternative energy sources:

1. Modern waterwheels

2. Harnessing the Wind

3. Earth furnace

4.Tapping the tide.

Summary 2

Living Things and their environment

Biotic factor                                                                                      Abiotic factor

Living things                                                                                     Non-living things

                                                                                                          Soil

                                                                                                          Water

                                                                                                           Air

                                                                                                           Temperature

                                                                                                           Light

Ecosystem      

                                      

Algae

Animals

Plants

Fungi

Bacteria

Ecosystem:All the living and non-living things in an area interacting with each other.

Summary 3

FOOD WEB                                                                       FOOD  CHAIN                                                                                                            

THE OVERLAPPING FOOD CHAINS                                    THE PATH OF ENERGY IN FOOD

IN A COMMUNITY.

                                                                                  

FOOD CHAINS COMES OF FIRST WITH SUN.

FOOD WEB COMES WITH FIRST WITH CONSUMERS AND PRODUCERS.

Earth´s water supply

                                                                            Vocabulary#16
desalination: getting fresh water from seawater.

water cycle: the continious movement of water between Earth´s surface and the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid.
ground water: water that seeps into the ground into spaces between bits of rock and soil

Earth´s Atmosphere

                                                                         Vocabulary#13
renewable resource: a resource that can be replaced in a short period of time.

ozone layer: a layer of ozone gas in the atmosphere that screens out much of the Sun´s UV rays.

fossil fuel: a fuel formed from the decay of acient forms of life.

smog: a mixture of smoke and fog.

acid rain: moisture that falls to Earth after being mixed with wastes from burned fossils fuels

Earth´s Rock and Soil

                                                                            Vocabulary#12
rock: a naturally formed solid in the crust,made up of one or more minerals.

igneous rock: a rock formed when melted rock materials cools and hardens.

sedimentary rock: a rock made of bits of matter joined together.

fossil: any remains or imprint of living things of the past.

metamorphic rock: a rock formed under heat and pressure from another kind of rock.

humus: decayed plant or animal material in soil.

pollution: adding any harmful substances to Earth´s land,water,or air.

Rock cycle: rocks changing from one form into another in a never-ending series of processes.

Minerals of Earth´s Crust

                                                                Vocabulary#11
mineral: a solid material of Earth´s crust with a definite composition.

luster:the way light bounces off a mineral´s surface.

streak: the color of the powder left when a mineral is rubbed against a hard ,rough surface.

hardness: how well a mneral resist´s scratching.

cleavage: the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces.

ore :a mineral containig a useful subtance.

gem: a mineralvalued for being rare and beatiful

nonrewable resource:a resouce that cannot be replaced ithing a short period of time or at all.

Earth´s changing Crust

                                                                             vocabulary#10
fault: a crack in the crust, whose sides show evidence of motion.

geologist: a scientist who studies earth.

magma: hot,molten rock deep below earth´s surface.

lava: magma that reaches Earth´s surface.

weathearing: the breking down of rocks into smaller pieces.

erosion: the picking up and carrying away of pieces of rock.

deposition: the dropping off of bits of eroded rock.

meteorite: a chunk of rock from space that strikes a surface(such as Earth or the Moon).

Earths and its neighbors

                                                                           Vocabulary#8
solar system: the sun and the objects that are traveling around it.

planet: any of the nine large bodies that travel around the sun and shiny by  reflecting its light.

gravity: a force of attraction,or pull,between any objectsand any other objects around it.

inertia: the tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a strigh line.

lithosphere:the hard,outer layer of earth,about 100 kilometers thick.

crust: the rocky surface that makes up the top of the lithosphere

resource: any material that helps support life on Earth.

hydrosphere: Earth´s water.